Cat 3412C Specifications
| Engine Model: Caterpillar 3412C |
| Engine Type: 4-stroke 12-cylinder V-block turbocharged liquid-cooled diesel |
| Total Displacement: 1,649 cu.in (27.0 L) |
| Rated Engine Power: 540-1,350 Hp (403-1,007 kW) at 2300 rpm |
| Fuel System Type: Mechanical direct injection |
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The Caterpillar 3412C is a 27.0-liter, V-12,
four-cycle diesel engine renowned for its durability, reliability, and
power density across industrial, marine, and generator set applications.
As part of the Caterpillar 3400 Series, this engine features a robust
design with individual cylinder heads and replaceable wet-type cylinder
liners, facilitating straightforward maintenance and in-frame overhauls.
The 3412C utilizes a turbocharged-aftercooled (TTA) induction system to
achieve high power output while maintaining fuel efficiency. Depending
on its configuration and application, the engine offers a broad power
range, from 540 HP for marine propulsion to 854 HP for industrial use,
and up to 800 ekW for standby generator service. Its mechanical fuel
system and proven component architecture have established the 3412C as a
benchmark for longevity in demanding environments.
Engine Type: 4-cycle, 12-cylinder, V-configuration diesel.
Displacement: 27.0 Liters (1,649 cu.in).
Bore and Stroke: 137.2 mm x 152.4 mm (5.4 in x 6.0 in).
Aspiration: Turbocharged and Aftercooled (TTA).
Compression Ratio: 13.0:1 for generator set configurations.
Compression Ratio: 13.5:1 for marine propulsion versions.
Compression Ratio: 14.5:1 for high-performance industrial ratings.
Firing Order: 1-4-9-8-5-2-11-10-3-6-7-12.
Rotation: Counterclockwise when viewed from the flywheel end.
Industrial Power: 638 HP to 854 HP (476-637 kW).
Marine Power: 540 HP to 1,350 HP (403-1,007 kW).
Generator Output (60 Hz): 635 kW to 800 kW (Standby or Prime).
Rated Speed: 1,800 RPM to 2,300 RPM.
Peak Torque: 2,200 lb-ft to 3,000 lb-ft depending on the specific power
curve.
The cylinder block is constructed from high-tensile cast iron, providing
a rigid foundation for the engine’s internal components. It incorporates
a deep-skirt design for enhanced crankshaft support. The 3412C utilizes
replaceable wet-type cylinder liners that are induction-hardened.
These liners are in direct contact with the engine coolant, promoting
efficient heat transfer from the cylinder bore. The wet liner design
simplifies rebuilding by allowing liner replacement without extensive
block machining.
A distinctive feature of the 3412C engine is its individual cylinder
head design. Each of the twelve cylinders has its own cylinder head,
which simplifies service and replacement compared to multi-cylinder head
configurations. This design also improves gasket sealing reliability.
The cylinder heads are made of cast iron and incorporate the valve train
components.
Intake and exhaust valve lengths are critical to engine assembly; the
3412C engine, particularly those with serial numbers above 38S18722,
utilize specific valve lengths to accommodate valve bridges that do not
ride on dowels. The valve train includes a valve bridge system that
actuates two valves per rocker arm, with the bridge either guided by a
dowel or floating depending on the serial number range.
The 3412C engine employs a mechanical direct injection fuel system
utilizing the Caterpillar pump-and-line design. This system features a
unit injector or a unit pump that delivers high-pressure fuel through
individual fuel lines to each cylinder.
It is a fully mechanical system, known for its reliability and
field-serviceability without the need for electronic diagnostic tools in
its basic configuration. The system is timed to deliver precise fuel
quantities for efficient combustion across the operating range.
The lubrication system is a forced-feed, full-flow filtration design,
ensuring consistent oil supply to critical engine components. Oil
Capacity: 68 to 102 Liters (18-27 U.S. Gal) depending on the oil pan
type and configuration.
Oil Pressure: 45-65 PSI at rated operating speed. System Components:
Includes a gear-driven oil pump, a replaceable full-flow oil filter, an
oil cooler for thermal management, and a crankcase breather system to
control emissions.
The cooling system is designed to maintain optimal operating
temperatures under full load, utilizing a gear-driven centrifugal water
pump for jacket water circulation and a separate pump for the
aftercooler circuit. Coolant Capacity: 58 Liters (15.4 U.S. Gal) for the
engine block and heads only; total system capacity varies with radiator
and installation components.
Thermostat: Regulated to maintain temperature between 82°C and 92°C
(180°F - 197°F). System Features: The engine is equipped with a jacket
water pump, an aftercooler water pump, and an aftercooler core. In
marine and generator configurations, heat exchanger or keel cooling
options are available.
Electrical System: The engine is equipped with a 24-volt starting motor
and a belt-driven charging alternator to support the electrical demands
of the engine and the equipment it powers.
Air Intake System: The turbocharged and aftercooled induction system
forces compressed air through an aftercooler to reduce intake air
temperature, increasing density for more efficient combustion.
Governor Type: The 3412C utilizes a hydra-mechanical governor for
industrial and marine applications, while generator set versions are
equipped with the ADEM A5 electronic governor for precise frequency
regulation.
Length: 1,910 mm (75.2 in) to 1,930 mm (76.0 in).
Width: 1,250 mm (49.2 in) to 1,426 mm (56.1 in).
Height: 1,600 mm (63.0 in) to 1,419 mm (55.9 in) depending on oil pan
and air cleaner configuration.
Weight (Dry): 2,415 kg to 2,948 kg (5,324-6,500 lbs) depending on
configuration, with marine versions at the higher end due to additional
components.
Service Interval: Standard oil change interval is 750 hours under normal
operating conditions.
Inspection Points: Regular maintenance includes checking the crankcase
oil level, inspecting the cooling system coolant concentration,
replacing fuel filters, and cleaning the crankcase breather.
Valve Lash: Periodic valve lash adjustment is required to maintain
engine performance and prevent valve train wear.
Overhaul: The engine is designed for in-chassis overhaul, facilitated by
the individual cylinder heads and replaceable wet liners, allowing for
component replacement without complete engine removal.
Cylinder Head Bolts: 270 Nm (200 lb-ft) + 120° turn.
Connecting Rod Bolts: 90 Nm (66 lb-ft) + 90° turn.
Main Bearing Caps: 260 Nm (190 lb-ft) + 120° turn.
Pinion Housing Bolts: 210 Nm (155 lb-ft) + 120° turn.
The Caterpillar 3412C engine is utilized across a wide spectrum of heavy
equipment and vehicles.
Articulated Trucks: D350E, D400E models.
Motor Graders: 16G, 16H, 24H, 824G, 980G.
Wheel Loaders: 988B, 988F, 990, 992C, 992D.
Excavators: 245, 245B, 245D, 375, 375L, 5080.
Tractors and Bulldozers: D8N, D8R, D9N, D9R, D10N, D10R.
Compactors and Landfill Equipment: 825C, 826C, 826G, 836.
Marine Vessels: Commercial fishing vessels, workboats, tugboats, and
luxury yachts.
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