Detroit Diesel DD5 Specifications
| Engine Model: Detroit Diesel DD5 |
| Engine Type: 4-stroke 4-cylinder DOHC 16-valve turbocharged liquid-cooled diesel |
| Total Displacement: 313 cu.in (5.1 L) |
| Rated Engine Power: 200-240 Hp (148-177 kW) at 2300 rpm |
| Fuel System Type: Common rail direct injection |
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The Detroit Diesel DD5 is an inline-four
cylinder, dual overhead camshaft (DOHC), 16-valve turbocharged diesel
engine. This engine is a member of Detroit's modern "DD" engine family,
designed specifically for the North American Class 5 through 7
medium-duty truck market. Production commenced in 2016. The DD5 is a
four-stroke, common rail direct injection engine constructed with a
compacted graphite iron (CGI) cylinder block and aluminum cylinder
heads.
It is an interference engine design. This powerplant represents a
clean-sheet design, incorporating contemporary technologies such as a
high-pressure common rail fuel system, a variable geometry turbocharger
(VGT), and a Detroit Diesel Intelligent Engine Control strategy.
The engine meets EPA and CARB emissions standards through an advanced
Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) system and a Diesel Particulate Filter
(DPF) without requiring Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR). The DD5 is
engineered for longitudinal mounting in vocational and short-haul
trucks, prioritizing low weight, fuel efficiency, and a high
power-to-weight ratio for applications like delivery, utility, and
refuse services.
General Engine Data
Engine Type: Inline-four cylinder, liquid-cooled, four-stroke,
turbocharged and intercooled diesel engine.
Bore: 110.0 mm (4.33 in).
Stroke: 135.0 mm (5.31 in).
Displacement: 5126 cc (313 cu.in).
Compression Ratio: 17.6:1.
Firing Order: 1-3-4-2.
Cylinder Numbering: Number 1 cylinder is at the accessory drive (front)
end.
Engine Rotation (viewed from the front): Clockwise.
Aspiration: Single variable geometry turbocharger (VGT) with air-to-air
intercooler.
Fuel Requirement: Ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) conforming to ASTM
D975.
Power Output: Available in ratings of 200 Hp, 220 Hp, and 240 Hp, all at
2300 RPM (148-177 kW).
Torque Output: Corresponding outputs of 560 lb-ft, 620 lb-ft, and 660
lb-ft, with peak torque available from 1400 RPM. Governed Speed: 2500
RPM.
Oil Pressure (at operating temperature): 40-60 psi (2.8-4.1 bar) at 2000
RPM.
The cylinder block is manufactured from compacted graphite iron (CGI).
This material provides a high strength-to-weight ratio and exceptional
stiffness compared to conventional grey cast iron, allowing the engine
to withstand high combustion pressures while minimizing overall weight.
The block employs a deep-skirt design for structural integrity. The
cylinder bores are machined directly into the CGI material; no separate
liners are used.
The block incorporates five main bearing caps, also made from
high-strength material, secured with two vertical bolts each. The
crankshaft is a forged steel unit. Connecting rods are forged steel with
fracture-split powdered metal caps. Pistons are aluminum alloy with a
combustion bowl designed for optimal air-fuel mixing and a cooling
gallery. Piston cooling is achieved via dedicated oil jets.
The cylinder head is an aluminum alloy casting employing dual overhead
camshafts (DOHC). It uses four valves per cylinder, arranged in a
cross-flow design. The camshafts are driven by a maintenance-free timing
gear train.
The valvetrain uses a direct-acting design with roller finger followers
and hydraulic lash adjusters, eliminating the need for manual valve
clearance adjustment. The cylinder head integrates the intake ports and
houses the fuel injectors and glow plugs. The head is secured with
torque-to-yield bolts.
Valve Train Data
Valve Arrangement: DOHC, 4 valves per cylinder (16 total).
Intake Valve Head Diameter: 34.0 mm (1.34 in).
Exhaust Valve Head Diameter: 29.0 mm (1.14 in).
Valve Lash (Clearance): Hydraulic lash adjusters; no manual adjustment.
Camshaft Drive: Gear train.
The fuel system is a high-pressure common rail direct injection system.
The system uses a high-pressure pump driven by the engine gear train, a
common fuel rail supplying all injectors, and solenoid-controlled
multi-hole injectors.
The engine control module (ECM) manages injection pressure, timing, and
multiple injection events per cycle for optimized combustion, noise
reduction, and emissions control. Fuel pressure in the rail can exceed
2000 bar (29,000 psi). The system includes a pre-supply lift pump in the
tank and a primary fuel filter/water separator.
Fuel System Data
Fuel Injection Type: Common Rail Direct Injection.
Injection Pressure: Greater than 2000 bar (29,000 psi).
Injector Type: Solenoid-actuated, multi-hole.
Governor: Electronic, integrated within the DDEC (Detroit Diesel
Electronic Controls) ECM.
The lubrication system is a pressure-fed, full-flow design with a
gear-type oil pump. The oil pump is driven from the front gear train.
The system uses a spin-on, disposable full-flow oil filter. An oil
cooler, integrated into the engine cooling circuit, manages oil
temperature.
Oil is drawn from a stamped steel oil pan, pressurized, filtered,
cooled, and distributed via main galleries. The system includes piston
cooling jets. Oil passages feed the crankshaft and connecting rod
bearings, camshaft bearings, gear train, and turbocharger center
section.
Lubrication System Data
Oil Pump Type: Gear-type, gear-train driven.
Oil Capacity (including filter): 18 US quarts (17.0 liters).
Oil Filter Type: Spin-on disposable, full-flow.
Oil Type (recommended): Detroit Diesel approved engine oil, API CJ-4 or
CK-4, SAE 15W-40.
Oil Change Interval: Up to 45,000 miles (72,000 km) for on-highway
vocational/short-haul applications as defined by the Detroit Diesel
Maintenance Monitor.
The cooling system is a pressurized, pump-driven system. A belt-driven
centrifugal water pump provides circulation. The system uses a
map-controlled thermostat for optimal temperature regulation, improving
fuel efficiency.
Coolant flows through the block, cylinder head, EGR cooler, and oil
cooler. An electric auxiliary coolant pump may operate for
aftertreatment system thermal management or to reduce heat soak after
shutdown. The air-to-air charge air cooler is separate from the engine
coolant circuit.
Cooling System Data
Cooling System Type: Pressurized, belt-driven pump, with map-controlled
thermostat.
Coolant Capacity (engine side): 12 US quarts (11.4 liters) - total
system capacity is larger.
Thermostat Opening Temperature: Electronically controlled, nominal 190°F
(88°C).
Water Pump Drive: Serpentine accessory belt.
Coolant Type: Extended life coolant (ELC) meeting Detroit Diesel
specification.
The engine employs a cooled Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) system to
reduce NOx formation. A Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) and a catalyzed
Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) treat exhaust gases to remove
hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter.
This system allows the DD5 to meet emissions standards without an SCR
system, simplifying the aftertreatment package. The DPF undergoes active
regeneration cycles managed by the ECM.
| Electronics and Diagnostics |
The engine is governed by the Detroit Diesel Electronic Controls (DDEC)
system. It features the Detroit Connect Virtual Technician, a remote
diagnostics system that monitors engine parameters, reports fault codes,
and can provide actionable maintenance alerts. The B10 design life is
400,000 miles, meaning 90% of engines are expected to reach this mileage
without a major overhaul.
Overall Length: 1100 mm (43.3 in).
Overall Width: 750 mm (29.5 in).
Overall Height: 950 mm (37.4 in).
Approximate Dry Weight: 539 kg (1188 lbs).
Engine Oil and Filter Change: Condition-based monitoring via the
Maintenance Monitor. For vocational/short-haul cycles, intervals can
extend to 45,000 miles (72,000 km).
Fuel Filter (Primary): Replace every 45,000 miles (72,000 km) or as
indicated by the monitor.
Air Filter: Replace as indicated by the restriction gauge or maintenance
monitor.
Coolant: First replacement at 6 years or 300,000 miles (480,000 km),
then every 3 years thereafter.
Valve Lash Adjustment: Hydraulic system; no scheduled adjustment.
Accessory Drive Belt: Inspect every 45,000 miles (72,000 km); replace at
signs of wear or per monitor.
DPF Service: Ash cleaning required approximately every 250,000 miles
(400,000 km), depending on duty cycle.
Cylinder Head Bolts: Torque-to-yield. Tighten in a specific multi-stage
cross pattern with angular turns as per Detroit Diesel service
documentation.
Main Bearing Cap Bolts: 80 Nm (59 lb-ft) plus an additional 90-degree
turn.
Connecting Rod Cap Bolts: 40 Nm (30 lb-ft) plus an additional 90-degree
turn.
Crankshaft Damper Bolt: 300 Nm (221 lb-ft) plus an additional 90-degree
turn.
Flywheel Bolts: 120 Nm (89 lb-ft) plus an additional 90-degree turn.
Injector Hold-Down Clamp Bolt: 15 Nm (11 lb-ft).
Oil Pan Drain Plug: 60 Nm (44 lb-ft).
Oil Filter: Hand-tighten per filter instructions.
The Detroit Diesel DD5 engine is specified
for medium-duty truck platforms:
- Freightliner M2 106.
- Freightliner 108SD.
- Freightliner 114SD (in lower GVWR configurations).
- Western Star 4700.
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