International D155 Specifications
| Engine Model: International Harvester D155 |
| Engine Type: 4-cycle inline 3-cylinder naturally aspirated liquid-cooled diesel |
| Total Displacement: 155 cu.in (2.5 L) |
| Rated Engine Power: 45 Hp (33 kW) at 2500 rpm |
| Fuel System Type: Direct or indirect fuel injection |
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The International Harvester D155 is a robust
and historically significant three-cylinder, four-stroke diesel engine.
This engine is designed primarily for industrial and heavy machinery
applications, offering a balance of compact dimensions and substantial
low-end torque.
Its construction prioritizes durability and serviceability in demanding
environments. A key application for this power unit was the
International Harvester 500C crawler tractor, where it provided reliable
propulsion and hydraulic power. The engine employs a direct or indirect
injection fuel system, contributing to its characteristic fuel
efficiency and operational dependability.
Engine Type: In-line, three-cylinder, four-stroke, liquid-cooled diesel.
Combustion System: Direct injection or indirect injection, depending on
specific model and application.
Aspiration: Naturally aspirated.
Firing Order: 1-2-3.
Rotation (viewed from flywheel): Counter-clockwise.
Displacement: 155 cubic inches (2.54 liters).
Bore: 3.875 inches (98.4 mm).
Stroke: 4.375 inches (111.1 mm).
Compression Ratio: 16.7 to 1.
Rated Power Output: 45 gross Hp (33 kW) at 2500 rpm.
Rated Torque: 115 lb-ft at low engine speeds.
Governed Speed: 2500 rpm.
Weight (dry): 550 lbs (249 kg).
The cylinder block is a one-piece casting manufactured from
high-strength gray iron. It features an underslung crankshaft design
with deep skirts for increased rigidity and reduced vibration. Cylinder
bores are integral to the block casting.
The block incorporates a full-length water jacket surrounding all
cylinders. Five main bearing caps, made of nodular iron, secure the
crankshaft. The caps are fastened with two vertical bolts per cap and
additional side bolts in certain configurations to enhance block
stiffness and bearing cap stability.
The cylinder head is a single-piece cast iron assembly servicing all
three cylinders. It utilizes a crossflow port design, with intake and
exhaust manifolds on opposing sides. The head houses vertically
positioned valves, actuated by pushrods and rocker arms.
Valve Arrangement: Overhead valves (OHV).
Valves per Cylinder: Two (one intake, one exhaust).
Intake Valve Head Diameter: 1.69 inches (43.0 mm).
Exhaust Valve Head Diameter: 1.38 inches (35.0 mm).
Valve Seat Angle: 45 deg.
Valve Stem Diameter: 0.3125 inches (7.94 mm).
Valve Lash (cold): Intake 0.015 inches (0.38 mm), Exhaust 0.017 inches
(0.43 mm).
Adjust with engine cold.
The system is a full diesel injection setup.
Configuration varies between direct injection (DI) and indirect
injection (IDI) depending on the specific engine model and year.
Injection Pump: A distributor-type rotary pump or an in-line plunger
pump, mechanically governed.
Injection Nozzles: Multi-hole pintle nozzles for DI models; pintaux or
similar pre-combustion chamber nozzles for IDI models.
Injection Pressure: DI models operate at 1710 to 1990 psi (118 to 137
bar).
IDI models operate at 1065 to 1140 psi (73.5 to 78.5 bar).
Fuel Lift Pump: A camshaft-driven, diaphragm-type mechanical transfer
pump.
Fuel Filter: A single or dual-stage spin-on or cartridge-type filter.
Static Injection Timing: Requires precise setting per engine
specification; common range is 16 to 22 deg before top dead center.
The system is a pressure-fed, full-flow design with a gear-type oil
pump.
Oil Pump: Gear-type, located in the front engine cover and driven by the
crankshaft.
Oil Capacity: 7 quarts (6.6 liters) including filter.
Oil Filter: Full-flow, spin-on type cartridge.
Oil Pressure (operating): 40 to 60 psi at rated speed (2.8 to 4.1 bar).
Pressure Relief Valve: Located within the oil pump housing.
Oil Cooler: Optional engine oil cooler may be fitted on some
applications.
The cooling system is a pressurized, pump-circulated, thermostatically
controlled circuit.
Water Pump: Centrifugal, belt-driven from the crankshaft pulley.
Thermostat: A wax-pellet type, begins to open at 180 F (82 C).
Radiator Pressure Cap: 7 psi pressure cap (0.48 bar).
Coolant Capacity: 14 quarts (13.2 liters).
Coolant Recommendation: A mixture of ethylene glycol antifreeze and
water, or other approved coolant.
Electrical System: 12-volt negative ground.
Starting Motor: 12-volt, high-torque geared type.
Charging Alternator: 12-volt, 40 to 65 ampere output.
Battery Recommendation: Group size 4D or equivalent.
Air Intake System: Dry-type, replaceable paper element air cleaner.
Intake Manifold: Cast iron.
Exhaust Manifold: Cast iron.
Length (front of damper to rear of flywheel housing): 28 inches (711
mm).
Width (over valve cover): 22 inches (559 mm).
Height (top of valve cover to base of oil pan): 26 inches (660 mm).
Weight (dry, as described): 550 lbs (249 kg).
Engine Oil Grade: Use a high-quality diesel engine oil meeting API
service classification CD or later. SAE 15W-40 is suitable for a wide
temperature range. Oil Change Interval: Under severe service, change oil
and filter every 100 operating hours or 3 months. For normal service,
consult the original equipment manual; 250 hours is a common interval.
Oil Filter Change: Replace with every oil change.
Fuel Filter Change: Replace every 500 operating hours or as needed due
to water contamination. Coolant Change: Drain, flush, and refill the
cooling system every 1000 operating hours or 24 months. Air Filter
Service: Inspect the element every 50 hours. Clean or replace as
necessary. Never operate the engine with a damaged or missing filter.
Valve Lash Adjustment: Check and adjust valve clearance every 500
operating hours or as specified by the equipment manufacturer. Injection
Timing Check: Verify timing every 1000 operating hours or after major
fuel system service.
Cylinder Head Bolts: Torque in the specified sequence to a final value
of 95 to 105 lb-ft (129 to 142 Nm). Main Bearing Cap Bolts (vertical):
80 to 85 lb-ft (108 to 115 Nm).
Connecting Rod Cap Nuts: 45 to 50 lb-ft (61 to 68 Nm). Always use new
cotter pins.
Flywheel to Crankshaft Bolts: 75 to 80 lb-ft (102 to 108 Nm).
Injector Nozzle Holder (in head): 55 to 60 lb-ft (75 to 81 Nm) for DI;
35 to 40 lb-ft (47 to 54 Nm) for IDI types. Oil Pan Drain Plug: 25 to 30
lb-ft (34 to 41 Nm).
The primary and most recognized application for the International D155
engine is the International Harvester 500C crawler tractor/loader. This
engine served as the integral power source for this model, providing
drive power and operating the hydraulic systems.
Furthermore, this engine or its derivatives may have been utilized in
other International Harvester industrial equipment, stationary power
units, and possibly in early models of the International 2500 series
trucks, though the crawler application is its most documented use.
Specific model identification should always be confirmed via engine
serial number and original equipment manufacturer documentation.
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