Cat 3114 Specifications
| Engine Model: Caterpillar 3114 |
| Engine Type: 4-cycle inline 4-cylinder turbocharged liquid-cooled diesel |
| Total Displacement: 268 cu.in (4.4 L) |
| Rated Engine Power: 90-160 Hp (67-119 kW) at 2500 rpm |
| Fuel System Type: Mechanical or electronic unit injector |
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The Caterpillar 3114 is a 4-cylinder, 4.4-liter
diesel engine designed for durability and serviceability in demanding
industrial and marine applications. It is part of the Cat 3100 engine
family, engineered for a balance of power density and component life.
The engine's construction emphasizes a robust design with replaceable
wet cylinder liners, a gear-driven camshaft, and a unit injector fuel
system for precise fuel delivery.
Available in naturally aspirated and turbocharged-aftercooled
configurations, the 3114 delivers a power range suitable for small to
medium-duty machinery and marine propulsion. Its design prioritizes easy
maintenance access, with grouped service points and a reputation for
reliable operation in both continuous and variable-speed duties.
Engine Type: 4-Cylinder Inline, Four-Stroke Cycle Diesel.
Aspiration: Naturally Aspirated (NA) or Turbocharged and Aftercooled
(TA).
Displacement: 4.4 Liters (268 cubic inches).
Bore: 105 mm (4.13 inches).
Stroke: 127 mm (5.00 inches).
Naturally Aspirated: 90-105 HP (67-78 kW).
Turbocharged (T): 110-130 HP (82-97 kW).
Turbocharged-Aftercooled (TA): Up to 140-160 HP (104-119 kW) in some
configurations.
Operating Speed: 2200-2800 RPM.
Compression Ratio: 17.0:1 (approximate value; varies by specific model
and application).
Firing Order: 1-3-4-2.
Rotation (Viewed from Flywheel End): Counterclockwise.
Governor Type: Mechanical or Electronic, application-dependent.
Emission Certification: Pre-Tier/Stage I and Tier 1/Stage I
configurations exist, depending on manufacture date and market.
The cylinder block is a one-piece cast iron structure providing a rigid
foundation. It incorporates replaceable, pressed-in wet-type cylinder
liners. The liner flange is precision machined and sealed at the top of
the block. The block design includes integral coolant passages
surrounding the liners.
Main bearing caps are made of forged steel and are secured by two
vertical bolts and two horizontal cross bolts per cap, creating a very
rigid lower engine structure. The camshaft bore is machined directly
into the block material.
A single cast iron cylinder head covers all four cylinders. It uses four
valves per cylinder - two intake and two exhaust - to optimize airflow.
Valve seats are induction-hardened. The head incorporates drilled oil
passages for valve gear lubrication and coolant passages for efficient
heat transfer. Valve guides are replaceable. Rocker arms are
shaft-mounted, and valve lash is adjusted manually via screws and
locknuts on the rocker arms. The head gasket is a multi-layer steel
(MLS) design.
The system uses Caterpillar’s Mechanical Unit Injectors (MUI) or, on
later models, Electronically Controlled Unit Injectors (EUI). Each
injector is located in the cylinder head and is responsible for fuel
pressurization and injection directly into the combustion chamber. A
camshaft-driven plunger within the injector body generates the high
pressure required.
The system is fed by a gear-type transfer pump. A secondary fuel
filter/water separator is standard. Injection timing is set during
assembly and is not field-adjustable for MUI versions. EUI versions are
controlled by an Engine Control Module (ECM).
The pressure-fed lubrication system uses a gear-type oil pump mounted
inside the front gear cover. Oil is drawn through a suction pipe and
strainer from the pan, passed through a full-flow spin-on filter, and
then directed to an oil cooler (if equipped) before entering the main
gallery.
From the main gallery, oil is supplied to the main bearings, camshaft
bearings, and through drilled passages to the valve gear. Piston cooling
jets spray oil onto the underside of the pistons. The system includes a
bypass valve for the filter and a pressure relief valve for the pump.
A centrifugal water pump, driven by gears, circulates coolant. The
system is designed for a heat exchanger or radiator application. Coolant
flows from the pump through passages in the block and cylinder head. A
thermostat regulates coolant temperature.
A belt-driven or gear-driven air-to-air aftercooler (ATAAC) is present
on turbocharged-aftercooled models to lower intake air temperature. A
replaceable zinc anode is installed in the cooling circuit for corrosion
protection in marine and industrial applications.
Starting System: 12-volt or 24-volt electric starting motor. Charging
System: A brushless alternator, rated between 45 and 85 amperes
depending on application. Air Intake System: Dry-type air cleaner with a
service indicator. Turbocharged models incorporate a wastegate to
control boost pressure. Exhaust System: A dry exhaust manifold. Marine
models often feature a water-cooled elbow or manifold.
Physical dimensions vary considerably based on the specific
configuration (industrial, generator set, marine). Length ranges from
approximately 950 mm to 1150 mm (37.4 in to 45.3 in). Width ranges from
650 mm to 750 mm (25.6 in to 29.5 in). Height ranges from 850 mm to 1050
mm (33.5 in to 41.3 in). The net dry engine weight, excluding fluids and
optional equipment, spans from 360 kg to 568 kg (794 lb to 1252 lb).
Turbocharged, aftercooled, and marine-geared versions are at the higher
end of the weight range.
Engine Oil Grade: Use Cat Diesel Engine Oil (DEO) or an equivalent
CH-4/SJ or higher classification. Multigrade oils like 15W-40 are
common. Oil Change Interval: Varies with service. Severe duty cycles may
require changes at 250 hours. Follow the specific application's
Operation and Maintenance Manual. Oil System Capacity: 10.0 Liters (2.6
US gallons). This includes filter change. Cooling System Capacity:
Varies with installation. Engine-only capacity is approximately 15
Liters (4.0 US gallons).
Fuel Filter: Replace secondary filter element every 500 hours or as
indicated by service indicator. Air Filter: Service or replace according
to restriction gauge. Valve Lash Adjustment (Cold): Intake: 0.38 mm
(0.015 in). Exhaust: 0.76 mm (0.030 in). Adjust every 3000 hours or as
specified. Engine Coolant: Use a mixture of 30% to 50% ethylene glycol
antifreeze with inhibited, deionized water. Maintain Cat Supplemental
Coolant Additive (SCA) at proper concentration.
Cylinder Head Bolts: Tighten in three steps using a specific sequence.
Final torque: 160 Nm (118 lb-ft).
Main Bearing Cap Bolts (Vertical): 190 Nm (140 lb-ft) + an additional
90-degree turn.
Main Bearing Cap Cross Bolts: 75 Nm (55 lb-ft).
Connecting Rod Cap Bolts: 120 Nm (89 lb-ft) + an additional 90-degree
turn.
Flywheel Housing-to-Block Bolts: 75 Nm (55 lb-ft).
Flywheel-to-Crankshaft Bolts: 115 Nm (85 lb-ft).
Injector Clamp Bolt: 35 Nm (26 lb-ft).
Oil Pan Bolts: 27 Nm (20 lb-ft).
Oil Filter Cartridge: Install hand-tight until gasket contacts base,
then tighten an additional 3/4 turn.
The Caterpillar 3114 engine was applied in
a diverse range of equipment:
Industrial/Construction: Caterpillar E120B, 3114 EXCAVATOR, 312
Excavator, IT12F Integrated Toolcarrier, 216B, 226B Skid Steer Loaders,
AP-655B Asphalt Paver, V50D, V60D Multi Terrain Loaders, various
forklifts and small cranes. Marine Propulsion: Used as a primary engine
in small commercial fishing boats, workboats, and pleasure craft, often
in turbocharged-aftercooled (TA) configurations, paired with marine
gears.
Generator Sets: Served as the prime mover for standby and prime power
generator sets in the 50-100 kVA range. Agricultural: Found in certain
large agricultural tractors and stationary equipment requiring a
compact, four-cylinder diesel.
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