Detroit Diesel DD13 Specifications
| Engine Model: Detroit Diesel DD13 |
| Engine Type: 4-stroke 6-cylinder DOHC 24-valve turbocharged liquid-cooled diesel |
| Total Displacement: 781 cu.in (12.8 L) |
| Rated Engine Power: 370-525 Hp (274-388 kW) at 1800 rpm |
| Fuel System Type: Common rail direct injection |
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The Detroit Diesel DD13 is an inline-six
cylinder, dual overhead camshaft (DOHC), 24-valve turbocharged diesel
engine. This engine is a core member of Detroit's modern heavy-duty "DD"
engine platform, designed for North American Class 8 trucks. Production
commenced in 2007, with subsequent generations enhancing efficiency and
performance. The DD13 is a four-stroke, common rail direct injection
engine constructed with a compacted graphite iron (CGI) cylinder block
and aluminum cylinder heads.
It is an interference engine design. This engine incorporates advanced
technologies including a high-pressure common rail fuel system with XPI
injectors, a variable geometry turbocharger (VGT), and Detroit's
Advanced EGR system.
The DD13 is engineered for longitudinal mounting in heavy-duty trucks,
targeting regional haul, vocational, and specialized applications such
as dump trucks, tankers, and heavy tow operations. Its design philosophy
emphasizes reduced mechanical complexity, enhanced reliability, and
straightforward serviceability to maximize uptime in demanding operating
conditions.
General Engine Data
Engine Type: Inline-six cylinder, liquid-cooled, four-stroke,
turbocharged and intercooled diesel engine.
Bore: 132.0 mm (5.20 in).
Stroke: 156.0 mm (6.15 in).
Displacement: 12800 cc (781 cu.in).
Compression Ratio: 18.4:1 (earlier generations); 20.3:1 (Generation 5).
Firing Order: 1-5-3-6-2-4.
Cylinder Numbering: Number 1 cylinder is at the accessory drive (front)
end.
Engine Rotation (viewed from the front): Clockwise.
Aspiration: Single variable geometry turbocharger (VGT) with air-to-air
intercooler.
Fuel Requirement: Ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) conforming to ASTM
D975.
Power Output: Ranges from 370 Hp at 1800 RPM to 525 Hp at 1800 RPM
(274-388 kW).
Torque Output: Ranges from 1250 lb-ft at 1000 RPM to 1850 lb-ft at 1000
RPM.
Governed Speed: 1900-2100 RPM.
Oil Pressure (at operating temperature): 40-70 psi (2.8-4.8 bar) at 2000
RPM.
The cylinder block is manufactured from compacted graphite iron (CGI).
This material provides a higher strength-to-weight ratio and greater
stiffness than conventional grey cast iron, allowing the engine to
withstand high cylinder pressures while minimizing overall weight. The
block employs a deep-skirt design for maximum rigidity and reduced
noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH). The cylinder bores are machined
directly into the CGI material.
The block features seven main bearing caps, also made from high-strength
material, secured with two vertical bolts each. The crankshaft is a
forged steel unit. Connecting rods are forged steel with fracture-split
powdered metal caps. Pistons are aluminum alloy with a robust crown
design and an internal cooling gallery fed by dedicated piston cooling
jets.
Each cylinder has a separate aluminum alloy cylinder head employing dual
overhead camshafts (DOHC). Each head uses four valves per cylinder,
actuated via roller finger followers. The camshafts are driven by a
maintenance-free gear train.
The valvetrain incorporates hydraulic lash adjusters integrated into the
roller followers, eliminating manual valve clearance adjustment. The
cylinder head design is modular, facilitating servicing. The cylinder
head gasket is a multi-layer steel (MLS) design.
Valve Train Data
Valve Arrangement: DOHC, 4 valves per cylinder (24 total).
Intake Valve Head Diameter: 40.0 mm (1.57 in).
Exhaust Valve Head Diameter: 36.0 mm (1.42 in).
Valve Lash (Clearance): Hydraulic lash adjusters; no manual adjustment.
Camshaft Drive: Gear train.
The fuel system is a high-pressure common rail direct injection system
using XPI (Extra High Pressure Injection) technology. The system employs
a high-pressure pump driven by the engine gear train, a common fuel
rail, and piezoelectric injectors capable of extremely fast and precise
multiple injection events.
The engine control module (ECM) manages injection pressure, which can
exceed 2500 bar (36,000 psi), along with timing and duration for optimal
combustion control. This system contributes to low emissions, improved
fuel economy, and reduced noise.
Fuel System Data
Fuel Injection Type: Common Rail Direct Injection with XPI piezoelectric
injectors.
Injection Pressure: Greater than 2500 bar (36,000 psi).
Injector Type: Piezoelectric stack, fast-switching.
Governor: Electronic, integrated within the DDEC (Detroit Diesel
Electronic Controls) ECM.
The lubrication system is a pressure-fed, full-flow design with a
gear-type oil pump. The oil pump is driven from the front gear train.
The system uses a spin-on, disposable full-flow oil filter. An oil
cooler, integrated into the engine cooling circuit, manages oil
temperature.
Oil is drawn from a stamped steel or cast aluminum oil pan, pressurized,
filtered, cooled, and distributed via main galleries. The system
includes piston cooling jets. Oil passages feed the crankshaft and
connecting rod bearings, camshaft bearings, gear train, and turbocharger
center section.
Lubrication System Data
Oil Pump Type: Gear-type, gear-train driven.
Oil Capacity (including filter): 40 US quarts (38.0 liters).
Oil Filter Type: Spin-on disposable, full-flow.
Oil Type: Detroit Diesel approved engine oil, API CK-4 or FA-4, SAE
15W-40 or 10W-30.
Oil Change Interval: Up to 50,000 miles (80,000 km) for long-haul
applications as determined by the Detroit Diesel Maintenance Monitor;
shorter intervals apply for severe vocational use.
The cooling system is a pressurized, pump-driven system. A belt-driven
centrifugal water pump provides circulation. The system uses a
map-controlled thermostat for optimal temperature regulation, improving
fuel efficiency and emissions control.
Coolant flows through the block, cylinder heads, EGR cooler, and oil
cooler. An electric auxiliary coolant pump operates for aftertreatment
system thermal management. The air-to-air charge air cooler is separate
from the engine coolant circuit.
Cooling System Data
Cooling System Type: Pressurized, belt-driven pump, with map-controlled
thermostat.
Coolant Capacity (engine side): 25 US quarts (23.7 liters) - total
system capacity is larger.
Thermostat Opening Temperature: Electronically controlled.
Water Pump Drive: Serpentine accessory belt.
Coolant Type: Extended life coolant (ELC) meeting Detroit Diesel
specification.
The engine employs Detroit's Advanced Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR)
system. This includes a high-efficiency EGR cooler and an EGR valve to
recirculate a portion of exhaust gases back into the combustion chamber,
reducing NOx formation.
The aftertreatment system consists of a Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC)
and a Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF). For later models meeting stricter
standards, a Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) system using Diesel
Exhaust Fluid (DEF) is integrated downstream. All aftertreatment
operations are managed by the ECM.
| Electronics and Power Take-Off |
The engine is governed by the Detroit Diesel Electronic Controls (DDEC)
system, providing comprehensive engine management and diagnostics. The
engine offers optional Front Engine Power Take-Off (FEPTO) and Rear
Engine Power Take-Off (REPTO) capabilities, which are essential for
vocational applications requiring hydraulic pumps, winches, or other
auxiliary equipment.
Overall Length: 1500 mm (59.1 in).
Overall Width: 950 mm (37.4 in).
Overall Height: 1150 mm (45.3 in).
Approximate Dry Weight: 1110 kg (2447 lbs) to 1152 kg (2540 lbs).
Engine Oil and Filter Change: Condition-based monitoring via the
Maintenance Monitor. For long-haul applications, intervals can extend to
50,000 miles (80,000 km).
Fuel Filter (Primary and Secondary): Replace every 30,000 miles (48,000
km) or as indicated by the monitor.
Air Filter: Replace as indicated by the restriction gauge or maintenance
monitor.
Coolant: First replacement at 6 years or 300,000 miles (480,000 km),
then every 3 years thereafter.
Valve Lash Adjustment: Hydraulic system; no scheduled adjustment.
Accessory Drive Belt: Inspect every 100,000 miles (160,000 km); replace
at signs of wear or per monitor.
DPF Service: Ash cleaning required approximately every 300,000 miles
(480,000 km), depending on duty cycle.
Turbocharger Inspection: Check for axial and radial play every 150,000
miles (240,000 km).
Cylinder Head Bolts: Torque-to-yield. Tighten in a specific multi-stage
cross pattern with angular turns.
Main Bearing Cap Bolts: 100 Nm (74 lb-ft) plus an additional 90-degree
turn.
Connecting Rod Cap Bolts: 70 Nm (52 lb-ft) plus an additional 90-degree
turn.
Crankshaft Damper Bolt: 350 Nm (258 lb-ft) plus an additional 90-degree
turn.
Flywheel Bolts: 150 Nm (111 lb-ft) plus an additional 90-degree turn.
Injector Hold-Down Clamp Bolt: 20 Nm (15 lb-ft).
Oil Pan Drain Plug: 80 Nm (59 lb-ft).
Oil Filter: Hand-tighten per filter instructions.
The Detroit Diesel DD13 engine is specified for a wide range of
heavy-duty truck platforms: Freightliner Cascadia (for regional haul and
certain day cab configurations). Freightliner 122SD, 114SD, 108SD.
Western Star 4700, 4900, 5700.
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