International DT436 Specifications
| Engine Model: International Harvester DT436 |
| Engine Type: 4-stroke in-line 6-cylinder turbocharged liquid-cooled diesel |
| Total Displacement: 436 cu.in (7.1 L) |
| Rated Engine Power: 140-180 Hp (104-134 kW) at 2600 rpm |
| Fuel System Type: Direct injection |
____________________________________________________________________________________
The International DT436 is a heavy-duty,
inline six-cylinder, turbocharged diesel engine manufactured by
International Harvester at its Melrose Park, Illinois facility.
Introduced in the early 1970s, the DT436 served as a primary power
source for International Harvester’s “muscle tractor” era, powering
row-crop tractors such as the 1466, 1486, 1566, and 1586, as well as
combine harvesters including the 1440 and 1460 models.
The engine was developed as a turbocharged variant of the naturally
aspirated D436, and its design is characterized by a wet-sleeve cylinder
construction, which permits replaceable cylinder liners and facilitates
in-frame overhauls without complete engine removal. The DT436 earned a
reputation for durability and serviceability in agricultural
applications, with many units remaining in operational service decades
after production ceased. Its robust construction, combined with a
mechanical direct injection fuel system, made it suitable for the
sustained high-load conditions encountered in tillage, harvesting, and
heavy drawbar operations.
The DT436 engine represents International Harvester’s engineering
approach to high-horsepower diesel engines for agricultural applications
during the 1970s and early 1980s. The engine’s 436 cubic inch (7.1
liter) displacement is achieved through a bore of 4.3005 inches (109.23
mm) and a stroke of 5.040 inches (128.00 mm), a long-stroke
configuration that generates substantial low-end torque essential for
drawbar work and PTO-driven implements.
The inline six-cylinder configuration provides inherent primary and
secondary balance, contributing to smooth operation under varying load
conditions. The turbocharger increases volumetric efficiency, allowing
the engine to generate rated power outputs ranging from 150 to 180
horsepower at the flywheel, depending on the specific application and
calibration. The direct injection fuel system, utilizing either an AMBAC
Model 100 or Bosch mechanical injection pump, delivers fuel directly
into the combustion chamber, eliminating the requirement for
pre-combustion chambers and improving thermal efficiency.
The engine is liquid-cooled with a water pump and radiator system sized
for sustained high-load agricultural operation. The DT436’s reputation
among agricultural operators is defined by its reliability and the
serviceability afforded by the wet-sleeve cylinder design. However, as a
flat-tappet engine, it requires diesel engine oil with appropriate zinc
(ZDDP) content to protect camshaft and lifter interfaces during
operation.
Production Period: Early 1970s - early 1980s
Engine Code: DT436 (turbocharged)
Configuration: Inline six-cylinder (I6)
Displacement: 436 cu.in (7.1 L)
Bore: 4.3005 in (109.23 mm)
Stroke: 5.040 in (128.00 mm)
Firing Order: 1-5-3-6-2-4
Compression Ratio: 16.0:1
Combustion System: Direct injection
Aspiration: Turbocharged
Valvetrain: OHV (Overhead Valve), 2 valves per cylinder (12 total)
Maximum Engine Speed: 2,400-2,600 rpm, application-dependent
Rated Engine Power: 162 hp (120 kW)
PTO Power (1566/1586 Tractor): 140-160 hp (104-119 kW)
Drawbar Output (1586 Tractor): 180 hp (134 kW)
The DT436 cylinder block is manufactured from high-strength cast iron,
featuring a wet-sleeve design that incorporates replaceable cylinder
liners. This wet-sleeve construction allows for in-frame engine
overhauls, where individual cylinder liners, pistons, and rings can be
replaced without removing the engine from the chassis. The block
includes six individual cylinder bores, each machined to accept
pressed-in or slip-fit wet liners that contact coolant directly on their
outer surfaces.
The deep-skirt crankcase extends below the crankshaft centerline,
providing rigidity and supporting the seven main bearings. The
crankshaft is supported by seven main bearings, with bearing caps
secured using high-tensile steel bolts. The block incorporates oil
galleries drilled to distribute pressurized lubricant to the crankshaft,
connecting rods, camshaft, and valve train. Cast-in coolant passages
surround each cylinder liner, while a gear-driven oil pump and water
pump are mounted at the front of the block.
The cylinder head is manufactured from cast iron and features an
overhead valve (OHV) arrangement with two valves per cylinder - one
intake and one exhaust - for a total of 12 valves. The camshaft is
positioned within the cylinder block and operates the valves through
mechanical pushrods and rocker arms. The valves are arranged in a
straight line along the cylinder head, with intake and exhaust valves
positioned on the same side of the combustion chamber.
Valve lash is adjustable using a screw-and-locknut mechanism on the
rocker arms; the cold valve clearance is set to 0.025 in (0.635 mm) for
both intake and exhaust valves. The cylinder head incorporates the
intake and exhaust ports on opposite sides of the head, with the direct
injection fuel system’s injectors positioned centrally above each
cylinder. The cylinder head gasket is a composite or steel construction
designed to withstand the high cylinder pressures generated by
turbocharged diesel operation.
The fuel system utilizes a mechanical direct injection system with an
inline injection pump mounted on the side of the engine and driven by
the engine’s gear train. The pump can be either an AMBAC Model 100 or a
Bosch unit, depending on the application and production period. The
injection pump delivers high-pressure fuel through individual
high-pressure lines to the injection nozzles located in each cylinder
head. The nozzles are of the multiple-orifice type, atomizing fuel
directly into the combustion chamber formed within the piston crown.
A mechanical governor incorporated into the injection pump regulates
fuel delivery to maintain consistent engine speed under varying loads. A
mechanical lift pump, mounted on the cylinder block, draws fuel from the
tank and delivers it through a fuel filter with an integrated water
separator. Excess fuel not injected during the combustion cycle is
returned to the fuel tank through a return line.
The lubrication system employs a wet-sump design with a gear-type oil
pump mounted within the front timing gear case, driven directly by the
crankshaft. The pump draws oil from the sump through a screened pickup
tube and delivers it through a full-flow spin-on oil filter mounted on
the cylinder block. The filtered oil is distributed through internal
galleries to the crankshaft main bearings, connecting rod bearings,
camshaft bearings, and the rocker arm assembly.
An oil cooler is integrated into the system, utilizing engine coolant to
maintain oil temperature within the optimal range during sustained
high-load operation. The lubrication system is designed to maintain hot
oil pressure between 15 and 30 psi at idle and 45 to 65 psi at high
idle. Total system capacity varies by application, ranging from 15 to 22
US quarts (14.2 to 20.8 L), with a capacity of 20 US quarts (18.9 L)
being common for row-crop tractor configurations.
The cooling system is a pressurized water-cooled design utilizing a
crossflow or downflow radiator depending on the vehicle application. A
centrifugal water pump, driven by the engine’s gear train, circulates
coolant through the cylinder block, cylinder head, and radiator. The
water pump is gear-driven, a design that contributes to reliability
compared to belt-driven units. A wax-element thermostat is positioned in
the coolant outlet housing to regulate coolant flow and maintain the
engine within its optimal operating temperature range.
The system incorporates a surge tank or expansion tank to accommodate
coolant expansion and to facilitate air removal. A belt-driven or
viscous clutch fan provides airflow across the radiator during
operation. The cooling system is designed to manage the significant
thermal load generated by the turbocharged 7.1-liter engine during
sustained high-load agricultural operations. Coolant capacity varies by
application, with the International 1486 tractor having a capacity of 27
US quarts (25.6 L).
| Intake and Exhaust Systems |
Intake System: The intake system consists of an air cleaner housing with
dual dry-type replaceable filter elements, ducting to the turbocharger
compressor inlet, and an intake manifold constructed from cast iron. The
intake manifold distributes pressurized air evenly to all six cylinders.
The turbocharger compressor housing is sized to provide boost
appropriate to the engine’s power rating.
Exhaust System: The exhaust system utilizes a cast iron exhaust manifold
designed to withstand the high temperatures of turbocharged diesel
operation. The manifold directs exhaust gases to the turbocharger
turbine inlet. A vertical exhaust stack or horizontal exhaust pipe,
depending on the vehicle application, routes exhaust gases away from the
operator.
The engine is equipped with a 12-volt electrical system with an
alternator for charging. The starter motor is a high-torque direct-drive
or reduction-gear type, sized to provide adequate cranking torque for
the 16.0:1 compression ratio. Glow plugs or an intake air heater may be
provided to assist with cold starting in low-temperature conditions.
The DT436 is equipped with a turbocharger mounted on the exhaust
manifold. The turbocharger uses exhaust gas energy to drive a turbine
wheel connected to a compressor wheel, which compresses intake air
before it enters the cylinders. The specific turbocharger model varies
by application and production period.
Overall Length: 48.0 in (1,219 mm)
Overall Width: 24.0 in (610 mm)
Overall Height: 38.0 in (965 mm)
Dry Weight (complete engine): 1,100-1,250 lbs (500-570 kg)
Engine Oil: SAE 15W-40 year-round or SAE 30W straight weight.
Oil Capacity: 15-22 qt (14.2-20.8 L), with a capacity of 20 qt (18.9 L)
for tractors.
Oil Change Interval: 150-200 hours of operation under normal conditions.
Oil Change Interval: 100 hours under severe service.
Intake Valve Clearance (Cold): 0.025 in (0.635 mm).
Exhaust Valve Clearance (Cold): 0.025 in (0.635 mm).
Compression Pressure: Standard: 450-500 psi (3.10-3.45 MPa).
Compression Pressure: Standard: Minimum service limit: 350 psi (2.41
MPa).
Engine Idle Speed: 650-750 rpm.
Rated Engine Speed: 2,400-2,600 rpm, application-dependent.
Injection Pump Timing: 8°-12° BTDC.
Connecting Rod Cap Bolts: 90-100 lb-ft (122-136 Nm)
Main Bearing Cap Bolts: 120-130 lb-ft (163-176 Nm)
Cylinder Head Bolts, Stage 1: 150 lb-ft (203 Nm)
Cylinder Head Bolts, Stage 2: 250 lb-ft (339 Nm)
Rocker Arm Shaft Brackets: 45-50 lb-ft (61-68 Nm)
Intake Manifold to Cylinder Head: 30-35 lb-ft (41-47 Nm)
Exhaust Manifold to Cylinder Head: 35-40 lb-ft (47-54 Nm)
Flywheel to Crankshaft: 140-160 lb-ft (190-217 Nm)
Injector Holders: 50-60 lb-ft (68-81 Nm)
Glow Plugs : 15-20 lb-ft (20-27 Nm)
International Harvester Agricultural
Tractors
International 1466: Row-crop tractor with DT436 engine.
International 1486: Row-crop tractor (1976-1981), 162 hp rating.
International 1566: Row-crop tractor with turbocharged DT436.
International 1586: Row-crop tractor, 179.5 hp (134 kW).
International 3388: 2+2 articulated tractor with DT436B variant.
International 4166: 4WD articulated tractor.
International 4186: 4WD articulated tractor.
International 5088: Row-crop tractor.
International 6388: 2+2 articulated tractor.
International 1568: Row-crop tractor with DT436 (limited production).
International Harvester Combines
International 1440: Combine harvester.
International 1460: Combine harvester.
International 1480: Combine harvester.
____________________________________________________________________________________
| Industrial Engines Technical Specifications |
| Car Engines Technical Specifications |
| Small Engines Technical Specifications |
| Outboard Engines Technical Specifications |
