Mitsubishi K3D Specifications
| Engine Model: Mitsubishi K3D |
| Engine Type: 4-cycle inline 3-cylinder naturally aspirated liquid-cooled diesel |
| Total Displacement: 59.7 cu.in (0.98 L) |
| Rated Engine Power: 25 Hp (18.6 kW) at 3600 rpm |
| Fuel System Type: Indirect injection |
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The Mitsubishi K3D is a vertical, water-cooled,
4-stroke, 3-cylinder diesel engine with a displacement of 0.979 liters
(979 cc). This engine is widely recognized for its compact design and
power output, making it a common choice for mini-excavators, small
tractors such as the Iseki TU160, and various agricultural or
construction machinery.
The Mitsubishi K3D employs an indirect injection system utilizing a
swirl chamber, which contributes to smoother operation and reduced noise
compared to direct injection designs. The engine utilizes a forced
lubrication system via a trochoid pump and a mechanical centrifugal
flyweight governor. A glow plug is installed in each cylinder to assist
with cold starting.
Engine Type: Inline 3-cylinder, 4-cycle, vertical water-cooled diesel
Number of Cylinders: 3
Valves per Cylinder: 2 (6 valves total)
Displacement: 979 cc (59.7 cu.in)
Bore x Stroke: 73 mm x 78 mm (2.874 in x 3.071 in)
Compression Ratio: 23:1
Combustion System: Swirl chamber (indirect injection)
Firing Order: 1-3-2
Maximum Power Output: 20-25 hp (15-18.6 kW)
Rated Speed: 2500-3600 rpm (varies by equipment)
Low Idle Speed: 1500 ± 50 rpm
High Idle Speed (no load): 3200 ± 50 rpm
Rotation (facing flywheel): Counter-clockwise
Fuel Type: Diesel
The cylinder block is constructed from cast iron, providing structural
rigidity for sustained industrial operation. The three cylinders are
arranged in an inline configuration.
The block incorporates dry-type or replaceable liners depending on the
specific variant. The design emphasizes compactness, allowing
installation in confined engine bays of mini-excavators and compact
tractors.
The cylinder head is manufactured from cast iron and features an
overhead valve (OHV) configuration. The valve train operates two valves
per cylinder (one intake, one exhaust), actuated by pushrods and rocker
arms from a camshaft located within the cylinder block.
The indirect injection system utilizes a pre-combustion chamber (swirl
chamber) cast into the cylinder head to promote air-fuel mixing. Valve
Clearance (Cold - Intake and Exhaust): 0.25 mm (0.010 in).
The engine employs a mechanical indirect injection system. The injection
pump is a Bosch M-type inline pump or equivalent, equipped with a
mechanical centrifugal governor. The governor limits maximum no-load
engine speed and maintains stable operation under varying loads.
Throttle-type nozzles are used for fuel injection into the swirl
chamber. A feed pump mounted on the injection pump body draws fuel from
the tank through a primary filter before supplying the secondary fuel
filter.
Oil Capacity (with filter): 3.5-4.0 L (3.7-4.2 US qt)
Oil Pressure at rated speed: 35-50 psi (2.4-3.4 bar)
Oil Grade: SAE 10W-30 or 5W-30, API service classification CD or better
Oil Filter: Full-flow, replaceable screw-on type
System Features: Forced lubrication via a trochoid pump. The system
includes a full-flow oil filter mounted externally for convenient
service access.
Coolant Capacity (engine only): 3.0 L (3.2 US qt)
Coolant Capacity (with radiator, Iseki TU167): 5.5 L (5.8 US qt)
Thermostat opening temperature: 76.5°C (170°F)
Coolant Type: Ethylene glycol-based with corrosion inhibitors
Water Pump: Belt-driven centrifugal type
System Features: A bypass thermostat circuit maintains rapid warm-up.
The radiator capacity varies by vehicle application, with compact
tractors using larger cooling packages than mini-excavators.
Electrical System: 12 volt with electric starter.
Starter Motor: 12V, 1.6 kW (2 kW for specific variants like K3D-61RG).
Alternator: 12V, 15-35 ampere output depending on application.
Glow Plugs: One per cylinder for cold starting assistance.
Air Intake System: Dry-type air cleaner with paper filter element.
Exhaust System: Cast iron exhaust manifold with single outlet.
Governor: Mechanical centrifugal flyweight type integrated into the
injection pump.
Dry Weight: 154-160 kg (340-353 lb)
Length (front to rear): 570 mm (22.4 in)
Width: 460 mm (18.1 in)
Height: 670 mm (26.4 in)
Engine Oil Change Interval: 250 hours under normal industrial duty.
Oil Filter Change: Every oil change.
Fuel Filter Change: 500 hours.
Valve Clearance Inspection Interval: 500 hours.
Air Cleaner Service Interval: When restriction indicator shows red or at
250 hours maximum.
Coolant Change Interval: 1000 hours or 12 months.
Injector Inspection Interval: 1000 hours.
Valve Clearance Adjustment (cold engine - intake and exhaust): 0.25 mm
(0.010 in).
Cylinder Head Bolts (M12 large bolts): 108-118 Nm (79.5-86.8 lb-ft)
Cylinder Head Bolts (M10 small bolts - tappet side): 68-78 Nm (50.6-57.9
lb-ft)
Connecting Rod Cap Nuts: 31-34 Nm (23.1-25.3 lb-ft)
Main Bearing Cap Bolts: 49-54 Nm (36.2-39.8 lb-ft)
Flywheel Bolts: 83 Nm (61.5 lb-ft)
Rocker Arm Shaft Bracket Bolts: 22 Nm (16 lb-ft)
Valve Rocker Adjusting Locknut: 20 Nm (15 lb-ft)
Injection Pump Mounting Nuts: 25 Nm (18 lb-ft)
Injector Clamp Bolts: 23 Nm (17 lb-ft)
Oil Pan Bolts: 12 Nm (9 lb-ft)
Water Pump Mounting Bolts: 18 Nm (13 lb-ft)
Starter Motor Mounting Bolts: 30 Nm (22 lb-ft)
The Mitsubishi K3D engine is installed in a wide range of agricultural,
construction, and industrial machinery.
Compact Tractors: Iseki TU160, TU167, TU170, TU177, MT1401, MT1601,
MTE1800, TX1410, TX1510, TX144, TX155, TX2140, TX2160, TU1400, TU1500,
TU1600, Case IH 234, 235.
Mini Excavators: Various 1-2 ton class mini-excavators from multiple
manufacturers.
Compact Loaders: Weidemann 1002D/M mini shovels.
Lawnmowers: Toro 324D, 325D, 30739 (36" Groundsmower).
Industrial Power Units: Generators (gensets), water pumps, and
agricultural pumps.
Light Commercial Vehicles: Mitsubishi L200 (early diesel variants) and
Mitsubishi L300 (Delica Van).
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