Isuzu C240 Specifications
| Engine Model: Isuzu C240 |
| Engine Type: 4-cycle inline 4-cylinder liquid-cooled diesel |
| Total Displacement: 144.5 cu.in (2.37 L) |
| Rated Engine Power: 70-75 Hp (52-56 kW) at 4000 rpm |
| Aspiration Type: Naturally aspirated |
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The Isuzu C240 engine is a 2.4 liter inline
four cylinder diesel engine and one of the most successful members of
the Isuzu C-series family, which also includes the C190, C221, and C223.
Known internationally for its exceptional durability, mechanical
simplicity, and long service life, the C240 has powered a wide range of
Isuzu light trucks, early SUVs, off road utility vehicles, agricultural
machinery, construction equipment, and industrial power units.
With conservative engineering, cast iron construction, mechanical fuel
injection, and gear driven timing, the C240 provides stable performance
under demanding conditions and across extended operating hours. Versions
include the base automotive C240, the improved C240-II, the agricultural
C240-A, and the industrial C240-I. Some markets also used marine
variants built around the same basic engine architecture. The engine is
widely praised for reliability in harsh climates, ease of maintenance,
and resistance to poor fuel quality.
The C240 is a naturally aspirated four stroke inline four diesel engine
with displacement of approximately 2369 cc or 2.37 liters (144.5 cu.in).
Bore is 92.0 mm or 3.62 inches, and stroke is 92.0 mm or 3.62 inches,
giving a square design ideal for balanced output and moderate piston
speed. Compression ratio typically ranges between 20.5:1 and 21.0:1
depending on version.
Output for automotive versions ranges from 70 to 75 horsepower at about
4000 rpm. Torque output is typically 150 to 165 Nm or about 111 to 122
lb-ft at approximately 2200 to 2400 rpm. Industrial and agricultural
versions are often derated for continuous duty. Idle speed is generally
750 rpm. Firing order is 1-3-4-2. Crankshaft rotation is clockwise when
viewed from the front.
The crankshaft is forged steel supported by five large main bearings for
maximum stability and vibration resistance. Pistons are cast aluminum
alloy with reinforced ring grooves and three piston rings. Connecting
rods are forged steel with high fatigue resistance. The block is cast
iron with thick cylinder walls and a deep skirt lower structure. The
cast iron cylinder head uses swirl type precombustion chambers for
efficient fuel air mixing and stable cold starting. The camshaft is
block mounted and driven by a gear train along with the injection pump
and oil pump. The valvetrain uses pushrods and rocker arms with manually
adjustable valve clearances.
C240-II Version
The improved C240-II includes:
Revised combustion chamber geometry
Improved injector spray pattern
Higher efficiency glow plug system
Strengthened rocker arm pivots
Improved coolant distribution within the head
Reinforced head gasket with improved sealing
Updated rear main oil seal design.
C240-A Agricultural Version
Agricultural engines feature:
High torque calibration for low rpm heavy implement work
Large multi stage cyclone air filtration
Governor tuning suited for sudden load changes
Extra heavy flywheel for stable rotary implement operation
Additional cooling protection and shrouding
Dust resistant electrical components.
C240-I Industrial Version
Industrial engines incorporate:
Constant speed governor for generator and pump sets
Heavy duty cooling system with oversized radiator
Optional external or remote oil filter systems
High durability bearings
Heavy duty air filtration assemblies
24 volt starting options
Reinforced mounting points for static installations.
The C240 uses mechanical direct injection. A gear driven inline fuel
injection pump meters and times high pressure fuel delivery. A
mechanical governor controls engine speed. High pressure steel lines
deliver fuel to mechanical pintle type or multi hole injectors. A
mechanical lift pump draws fuel from the tank through a primary water
separator before feeding a secondary fine filter. Fuel type is No. 2
diesel.
Fuel filter replacement is recommended every 20,000 km or 12,000 miles.
Water separators must be drained regularly. Injector testing and
servicing is recommended every 80,000 to 100,000 km or 50,000 to 62,000
miles.
The lubrication system is full pressure wet sump. A gear driven trochoid
oil pump draws oil from the sump through a metal screen pickup. Oil
passes through a full flow spin on filter before entering the main
gallery. Oil capacity is approximately 5.5 liters or 5.8 US quarts
depending on sump design. Normal oil pressure at 3000 rpm is 300 to 450
kPa or about 43 to 65 psi.
Hot idle pressure is 70 to 100 kPa or 10 to 15 psi. Recommended oil
viscosity is SAE 15W 40. Automotive versions require oil changes every
5000 to 8000 km or 3000 to 5000 miles. Industrial engines require oil
changes every 150 to 250 hours.
Cooling is liquid based with a belt driven centrifugal water pump.
Coolant circulates through block jackets, cylinder head passages,
radiator, and heater core if present. Thermostat begins opening at 82
degrees Celsius or 180 degrees Fahrenheit and is fully open at 95
degrees Celsius or 203 degrees Fahrenheit. Cooling system capacity is
7.0 to 7.5 liters or about 7.4 to 7.9 US quarts. Radiators are copper
brass or aluminum depending on model year. Industrial versions feature
oversized radiators. Agricultural versions may include protective
screens. Marine variants use heat exchanger cooling or raw water
systems. Coolant must be replaced every two years.
| Intake and Exhaust Systems |
All C240 engines are naturally aspirated. Intake air passes through dry
element air cleaners on automotive versions. Agricultural and industrial
models use large multi stage air cleaners with precleaners. The intake
manifold is cast iron or cast aluminum and tuned for torque oriented
flow characteristics.
Exhaust manifolds are cast iron with high thermal strength. Automotive
versions have simple emissions control. Some late C240-II models include
basic EGR systems. Marine versions may include water cooled exhaust
elbows. Exhaust backpressure is minimal for low rpm torque optimization.
| Electrical and Starting Systems |
A 12 volt electrical system is standard. Alternators produce 35 to 45
amperes. Starter motors are heavy duty 12 volt reduction type.
Industrial and marine engines may use 24 volt systems. Glow plugs assist
cold starting. Electrical grounds must be maintained for proper
performance.
| Valve Timing and Drive Mechanism |
The camshaft and injection pump are gear driven. This provides long
lasting timing accuracy and eliminates belt service. Valves are actuated
through pushrods and rocker arms.
Valve clearance must be adjusted as
follows:
Intake: 0.25 mm or 0.010 inches cold
Exhaust: 0.30 mm or 0.012 inches cold
Adjustment is required every 20,000 km or 12,000 miles.
Standard dimensions:
Length: 720 mm or 28.3 inches
Width: 580 mm or 22.8 inches
Height: 740 mm or 29.1 inches
Dry weight: 200 to 230 kg or 441 to 507 lbs depending on accessories and
variant.
Routine service:
Oil and filter: 5000 to 8000 km or 150 to 250 hours
Fuel filter: every 20,000 km
Air filter: inspect every 10,000 km, replace 20,000 to 30,000 km
Valve adjustment: every 20,000 km
Coolant: replace every two years
Injector service: every 80,000 to 100,000 km.
Compression pressure:
Normal: 2600 to 3000 kPa or 377 to 435 psi
Minimum: 2200 kPa or 319 psi.
Cylinder head bolts: 90 Nm initial, 120 Nm final
Main bearing cap bolts: 110 Nm
Connecting rod bolts: 60 Nm
Flywheel bolts: 120 Nm
Intake manifold bolts: 30 Nm
Exhaust manifold nuts: 35 Nm
Injector hold down nuts: 25 Nm
Oil drain plug: 35 Nm.
- Isuzu Faster and KB trucks
- Early Isuzu Trooper models
- Isuzu MU and international utility vehicles.
- Small excavators and loaders
- Construction machinery and tractors
- Small fishing vessels.
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| Industrial Engines Technical Specifications |
| Small Engines Technical Specifications |
| Car Engines Technical Specifications |
| Outboard Engines Technical Specifications |
