Cat C2.2 Specifications
| Engine Model: Caterpillar C2.2 |
| Engine Type: 4-cycle inline 3-cylinder common-rail direct injection liquid-cooled diesel |
| Total Displacement: 134 cu.in (2.2 L) |
| Rated Engine Power: 35-65 Hp (26-48 kW) at 2500 rpm |
| Aspiration Type: Naturally aspirated or turbocharged |
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The Caterpillar C2.2 is a compact,
fuel-efficient, and durable three-cylinder or four-cylinder (depending
on configuration) diesel engine widely used in construction,
agricultural, industrial, and power-generation equipment. Designed for
long service life, low operating costs, and consistent performance under
continuous duty, the C2.2 serves as one of Caterpillar’s most popular
small-displacement engines. Its rugged cast-iron structure, mechanical
or electronic fuel-injection systems (depending on emissions tier), and
efficient combustion layout allow it to operate reliably in harsh
environments ranging from compact construction machines to stationary
pump units and small generator sets.
The C2.2 delivers strong low-end torque, excellent cold-start
capability, and simple maintenance requirements. Available in naturally
aspirated (NA), turbocharged (T), and turbocharged aftercooled (TA)
variants, the C2.2 engine series is engineered for high uptime, easy
rebuildability, and long intervals between overhauls.
The Caterpillar C2.2 is a four-stroke, water-cooled, inline
three-cylinder or four-cylinder diesel engine (depending on OEM
configuration). Standard industrial versions are typically 3-cylinder,
while certain generator and machinery models use a compact 4-cylinder
layout. Displacement is approximately 2.2 liters (134 cubic inches).
Bore is approximately 84 mm (3.31 in) and stroke is 100 mm (3.94 in).
The long-stroke design enhances torque delivery at lower RPM and
supports fuel-efficient operation under steady loads.
Compression ratio ranges between 18.0:1 and 23.0:1 depending on variant
and emissions tier. Peak torque: 110–170 Nm (81–125 lb-ft) @ 1,400–1,800
rpm. Idle speed: 800–900 rpm. Governed speed: 2,200–2,800 rpm.
Power ratings:
— Naturally aspirated: 35–48 hp (26–36 kW) @ 2,200–2,800 rpm
— Turbocharged: 48–65 hp (36–48 kW)
— Turbo-aftercooled: up to 70+ hp (52+ kW) in certain markets
— Generator sets: 15–44 kW @ 1,500–1,800 rpm
Crankshaft is forged steel, supported by three (3-cylinder version) or
five (4-cylinder) main bearings. Pistons are cast aluminum alloy with
reinforced crowns. Connecting rods are forged steel with replaceable
bearing inserts. The camshaft is gear-driven for long-term timing
accuracy and reduced maintenance requirements.
The C2.2 block is cast iron with parent-bore cylinders. It is heavily
ribbed for stiffness, low vibration, and long-term durability. Coolant
passages fully encircle the cylinder bores, ensuring uniform temperature
distribution. The crankcase structure is designed for low noise and
increased bearing support.
Mounting bosses support installation of hydraulic pumps, alternators,
cooling packages, and industrial PTO interfaces.
The cylinder head is cast iron and uses two valves per cylinder. It
features direct-injection combustion chambers designed for efficient
fuel-air mixing and low fuel consumption.
Cold valve-lash settings:
— Intake: 0.15–0.20 mm (0.006–0.008 in)
— Exhaust: 0.25–0.30 mm (0.010–0.012 in)
The valvetrain uses rocker arms and pushrods actuated by a camshaft for
simple, durable operation.
Fuel system differs by emissions tier and configuration:
Mechanical versions:
— Mechanical rotary or inline pump
— Mechanical injectors
— Fuel-lift pump
— Dual filtering (primary water separator + fine filter)
— Injection pressures around 200–350 bar
Electronic versions (Tier 4):
— Common-rail injection system
— ECM-controlled injectors
— Multi-event injection cycles for cleaner combustion
— Injection pressures 1,200–1,600 bar
— Electric fuel lift pump
Fuel-system maintenance:
— Replace filters every 250–300 hr
— Drain water separator daily
— Injector service every 1,000–1,500 hr.
The lubrication system is a full-pressure wet-sump type with a
gear-driven oil pump.
Oil pressure:
— Operating: 250–400 kPa (36–58 psi)
— Idle: 100–150 kPa (15–22 psi)
Oil capacity: 6–8 liters (6.3–8.5 qt).
Oil types: SAE 10W-30, 15W-40 diesel oils meeting API CI-4, CJ-4 or
CK-4.
Typical oil change interval: 250 hr.
Cooling is provided by a belt-driven centrifugal water pump and a
thermostat.
Thermostat:
— Opening temperature: 82°C (180°F)
— Fully open: 95°C (203°F)
Cooling capacity: 6–9 liters (6.3–9.5 qt)
Cooling-system pressure: 70–100 kPa (10–15 psi)
Some versions include oil coolers or aftercoolers, depending on
emissions packages and turbocharger requirements.
| Intake and Exhaust Systems |
Configuration varies:
— Naturally aspirated
— Turbocharged
— Turbo-aftercooled (industrial high-performance variants)
Air filtration:
— Dry-element filters for construction and industrial
— Optional cyclone pre-cleaners for agriculture
— Enclosed canister filters for stationary applications
Turbocharged versions use wastegate-type turbochargers for improved
low-RPM performance.
Exhaust systems may incorporate:
— DOC (diesel oxidation catalyst)
— DPF (diesel particulate filter)
— SCR + DEF systems (Tier 4 Final).
| Electrical and Starting Systems |
Available in 12-volt or 24-volt systems.
Starter rating: 1.8–3.0 kW
Alternator output: 40–90 amps
ECM-controlled variants include sensors
for:
— Oil pressure
— Coolant temperature
— Intake temperature
— Rail pressure (CR versions)
— Crankshaft position
— Camshaft position
— Exhaust temperature (if aftertreatment equipped).
Depending on installation, the C2.2 may
support:
— Hydraulic pump drives
— PTO output shafts
— Auxiliary belt drives
— Generator heads
— Remote cooling systems
— Air compressors.
Physical dimensions vary slightly by
arrangement:
— Length: 550–700 mm (21.6–27.6 in)
— Width: 450–550 mm (17.7–21.7 in)
— Height: 600–750 mm (23.6–29.5 in)
Dry weight: 180–240 kg (397–529 lb).
— Oil and filter: every 250 hr
— Fuel filters: 250–300 hr
— Air filters: inspect every 50 hr
— Coolant: replace every 2 years
— Valve-lash adjustment: every 1,000 hr
— Injector service: 1,000–1,500 hr
— Compression test: 2,000 hr.
— Cylinder head bolts: 105–125 Nm (77–92 lb-ft)
— Main-bearing caps: 120–150 Nm (89–111 lb-ft)
— Connecting rods: 55–65 Nm (41–48 lb-ft)
— Flywheel bolts: 90–110 Nm (66–81 lb-ft)
— Crank pulley bolt: 180–220 Nm (133–162 lb-ft)
— Oil drain plug: 25–35 Nm (18–26 lb-ft)
— Injector hold-downs: 20–25 Nm (15–18 lb-ft).
The Caterpillar C2.2 is widely used in:
— Compact wheel loaders
— Mini excavators
— Compact track loaders
— Skid-steer loaders
— Agricultural sprayers
— Telehandlers
— Small tractors
— Industrial compressors
— Pumps
— Generator sets (15–44 kW class)
— Hydraulic power units.
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